Breadboard: How to Use a Breadboard

How to Use a Breadboard

A solderless breadboard is an electronic circuit design tool that is used for making the prototype (a test version) of a circuit design, to test its workability and correctness, before making a permanent design on a printed circuit board (PCB) or a veroboard (perfboard or stripboard). A printed circuit board (PCB) is what is mostly referred to as “panel” by most Nigerians. This term is common amongst repairs technicians. The copper board you see containing gamut of electronic components in television and radio sets, computers, phones, etc, are PCBs. Vero boards are the handy soldering boards that come either in strips or dots for permanent circuit construction.

**Figure 1**: Strip and perforated copper boards (Veroboard)

Figure 2: Printed Circuit Boards (PCB) — **Figure 2**: Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)

So in this tutorial, we shall learn:

What a breadboard is.
Why is it called a Breadboard
How to use a breadboard
Classes of Solderless Breadboards
Parts of a Breadboard
Breadboard cascade

For a beginner in electronic circuit design, you need to know how to use a breadboard, because, most of the designs you will be carrying out will be done using breadboards.

What is a Breadboard?

A breadboard or technically a solderless breadboard is a cuboid shaped plastic board that contains holes for fixing and connecting the leads and pins of electronic components while designing circuits. Using the breadboard is very easy and convenient. With a breadboard, you do not need to worry about not re-using a component. When you are done prototyping with a breadboard, you can easily remove the components and re-use them later.

A breadboard is always used with jumper wires. It is not advisable to put stranded wires into the holes of a breadboard, because the wires may snap while being forced into the holes, which could render the breadboard useless.

A Typical Electronic Prototyping Breadboard.png — Figure 3: A Typical Electronic Prototyping Breadboard.

The above figure is a typical breadboard used for electronic circuit design, the arrow points to a burnt area on the board. This is to let you know that breadboards can get burnt if subjected to a very hot condition.

Figure 2: A few Jumper Wires — Figure 4: A few Jumper Wires

Buy jumper wires here

Why is it called a Breadboard

It is called a breadboard because back in the days, people used the board the used in cutting breads to construct electronic circuits using pins, thumbtacks, screws, etc.

Figure 3: A Wooden Breadboard — **Figure 4**: A Wooden Breadboard

Figure 4: Bread on A Wooden Breadboard.jpg — **Figure 5**: Bread on A Wooden Breadboard

Figure: A Wooden Breadboard used for Electronic Circuit.jpg — **Figure 6:** A Wooden Breadboard used for Electronic Circuit

Classes of Solderless Breadboards

Breadboards come in different sizes, shapes and configurations. I personally classified them based on the following criteria:

Size and shape
Binding post
Split and non split rails
Single and dual rails

It should be noted that any breadboard can belong to more than one class. For example, we can have split dual rails breadboard. i.e., its rails are two and are split.

Classification based on Size and Shape

Figure 2: Different sizes and shapes of breadboards

The image above shows different breadboard sizes and shapes.

Classification based on Binding Post

Figure 2: A breadboard with binding posts — Figure 8: a breadboard with binding post (courtesy of Tweaking4all.com)

The binding posts help to connect external power to the breadboard.

Figure 8: A breadboard without binding post for external power connection — Figure 8 A breadboard without binding post for external power connection

Classification based on Split and Non-Split Rails

Figure 9: Split rail breadboard — Figure 10: Split rail breadboard

Non split rail breadboard — Figure 10: Non-split rail breadboard

The breadboard depicted in figure 8 above has no split along its rails, while there is split on the rails of figure 9, look at the black arrows to observe the split and no splits.

The split causes a discontinuity along the rail. To bridge this discontinuity, you can use jumper wires to connect the two separated rails as shown in the figure below.

Figure 11: The separated rails of a breadboard joined with a jumper wires

Classification based on single or dual rails

Figure 4: Dual rail breadboard — Figure 13: Dual rail breadboard

The rails or buses serve as power supply lines to the breadboard.

Parts of a Breadboard

Having taking time to classify the breadboards, let’s now explore the various parts of a breadboard.

Breadboard: How to Use a Breadboard — Figure 14: 3D view of a breadboard showing the two sides

The tab fits into the notch when cascading many boards
The Rails or Busses are usually where the power supply leads are connected, hence, they are called “Power rails or power Busses”
Components’ connection lines are the holes in which electronic components are connected
Ravine or Crevasse is the connection discontinuity separation line between the two sides of the board; It helps in affixing integrated circuits(IC) as shown in the figure above.
The split separates the rails on the two sides.

Breadboard cascade

With the help of the tabs and notches on the breadboard, we can cascade breadboards to any number we want. The figure below shows three breadboards that have been cascaded into one unit.

Figure 15: Three cascaded breadboards

Breadboard Connection

Figure 16: breadboard connection

Using a dual split breadboard (figure 16 above) as a case study, we can give a brief and easy to understand explanation on the connection of a breadboard.

From point 1 to point 2 of the two rails shown above, there is continuity of connection, i.e. all holes from point 1 to point 2 are connected together.
Between point 2 and point 3 there is a gap and disconnection or discontinuity.
From point 3 to point 4, there is also continuity of connection, i.e. all holes from point 3 to point 4 are connected together.
The component connection lines constitute a matrix of holes, here is the clue: looking at figure 16, the holes are continues along the columns and discontinuous across the rows

To give a better pictorial view of the inner connections of the breadboard, the back cover or backing layer of a breadboard was stripped to expose the connections.

Figure 18: Inner view of the breadboard with the backing layer removed

Figure 18: The backing layer of the breadboard partly removed to show the metallic strip used to design the board

Having gone through this tutorial from beginning to end, I believe you have learnt what a breadboard is, breadboard cascade, how to use a breadboard and more. You can get your breadboard by clicking this amazon link to buy from amazon and start designing. Leave any question you have in the comment section below.